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Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic elaborated by the bacteria Streptomyces. Streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin are both closely related in structure, pharmacokinetics, and antimicrobial activity. Both drugs are used to treat bacterial infections in cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry. Streptomycin is not permitted in European apiculture but is permitted in the USA for treatment of American foulbrood outbreaks (4 weeks withdrawal period required before honey can be used). No antibiotics are permitted in honey, therefore accurate tests such as this are required to ensure that this residue does not pass into the food chain. The presence of antibiotics in honey can lead to allergic reactions in humans and increase antibiotic resistance.