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Zearalenone, a macrocyclic β-resorcyclic acid lactone, is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced as a secondary metabolite by various species of Fusarium. It commonly contaminates agricultural commodities such as corn, wheat, barley, oats, and other cereal-based food products. This contamination often occurs under conditions that promote fungal growth during cultivation, harvest, or storage.

As awareness of endocrine disruptors increases, food and feed industries now place greater emphasis on monitoring zearalenone. In addition, this toxin structurally resembles 17β-estradiol, the primary human estrogen hormone. Because of this similarity, it binds to estrogen receptors in mammalian cells. As a result, it disrupts normal hormonal signalling pathways and may interfere with reproductive and physiological functions.

Exposure to zearalenone has been linked to reproductive disorders, particularly in livestock. For example, it can reduce fertility, cause infertility, and trigger other estrogenic effects. In humans, long-term exposure raises concern, especially through contaminated cereals and derived food products. Therefore, many regions have introduced strict regulatory limits for its presence in food and feed.

Reliable detection and quantification remain essential for protecting public health. Laboratories use advanced analytical techniques such as immunoassays and chromatographic methods to monitor contamination across different food matrices. Furthermore, routine testing enables early identification of risks. Consequently, producers and laboratories can take corrective action before contaminated products reach the market.

By implementing strong monitoring systems and following regulatory guidelines, stakeholders can manage zearalenone risks effectively. Ultimately, this ensures the safety, quality, and integrity of cereal-based food products in global supply chains.