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Zeranol is a natural mycoestrogen derived from zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium mold species. This non-steroidal anabolic agent is widely used in cattle production to enhance growth performance, increase body weight gain, and improve feed conversion efficiency. Zeranol implants are typically administered subcutaneously at the base of the ear, either alone or in combination with trenbolone acetate, to promote lean muscle development and improve overall productivity in beef cattle.

As a growth-promoting compound, zeranol acts by mimicking the activity of natural estrogens, influencing metabolic processes that support protein synthesis and tissue growth. While this can improve production efficiency in livestock systems, its hormonal activity has raised concerns regarding potential impacts on animal welfare and human health through residue exposure in food products.

Due to these concerns, the use of zeranol in food-producing animals is strictly regulated or prohibited in many countries. Regulatory authorities have implemented maximum residue limits and monitoring programmes to control its presence in edible tissues. Particular attention is given to its potential endocrine-disrupting effects, as even low-level exposure may interfere with hormonal balance in humans.

Residue monitoring in meat and animal tissues is therefore essential to ensure food safety, maintain regulatory compliance, and protect consumer health. Sensitive analytical methods, including immunoassays and chromatographic techniques, are used to detect and quantify trace levels of zeranol in complex biological matrices.

Routine surveillance and strict enforcement of regulations help prevent illegal use and ensure that food products entering the supply chain meet international safety standards, supporting both public health protection and confidence in the integrity of meat production systems.